Biography

Dr. Jackie M. Davie is a Professor at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, FL, with over 25 years of experience in clinical precepting and didactic teaching for both on-campus and UK programs. She earned her Ph.D. in Communication Disorders from The Pennsylvania State University in 2005, focusing her dissertation on assessing otitis media in daycare-attending infants and toddlers. She is a peer mentor and guest speaker on Wideband Tympanometry for Grason Stadler, Inc. Beyond academia, Dr. Davie serves as South Florida Regional Coordinator and Clinical Coordinator for Special Olympics’ Healthy Athlete, Healthy Community, and Healthy Hearing initiatives, and co-directed the Healthy Hearing program at the 2022 USA Games. Her honours include the Professional Poster Award from the American Academy of Audiology and Volunteer Apperception recognition from Special Olympics. 

Abstract

Background: Moving past basic 226 Hz tympanometry, clinicians can now focus on mass, stiffness, and friction in middle-ear mechanics. Wideband tympanometry (WBT; 250 Hz–8 kHz) reveals how pathologies like fluid (friction), ossicular discontinuity (mass) and otosclerosis (stiffness) alter absorbance. By defining these systems, identifying related pathologies, and applying mechanical terms, WBT improves diagnostic clarity clinically.

Objective: This presentation defines mass-, stiffness-, and friction-dominated middle?ear mechanics; identifies associated pathologies; and applies mechanical terminology to tympanometry and wideband tympanometry interpretation for accurate, effective clinical reporting.

Methods: A series of case studies and normative data analyses were reviewed. Absorbance patterns associated with common middle-ear pathologies—otosclerosis, ossicular discontinuity, otitis media with effusion (OME), negative middle-ear pressure, and patent pressure-equalizing tubes—were characterized. Quantitative indices of energy absorbance were correlated with additional clinical findings.

Results: WBT was performed on adult and pediatric ears using a calibrated probe to measure absorbance from 250 Hz to 8 kHz. Absorbance curves were analyzed to determine primary?peak maxima and morphology, allowing classification into mass-, stiffness-, or friction-dominated patterns. Clinical examples with known middle?ear pathologies (e.g., otosclerosis, effusion, ossicular discontinuity) were included to demonstrate pattern identification. All results were documented in clinical reports using mechanical terminology to describe deviations from normative WBT responses.

Conclusion: WBT reliably differentiates mass-, stiffness-, and friction-dominated middle-ear mechanics by analyzing absorbance across 250 Hz–8 kHz. Clinical validation with cases of otosclerosis, effusion, and ossicular discontinuity confirmed pattern accuracy. Incorporating standardized mechanical terminology into reports enhanced diagnostic precision and 

Biography

Dr. Mahmood Abdulzahra Almohsen is a dedicated ENT specialist with over 25 years of clinical experience. He holds a Master’s degree in Otolaryngology from Benha University and has served at Al Nahdha Hospital in Muscat, Oman since 2007 and currently working as ENT specialist at Azhar private hospital. Dr. Mahmood has performed and supervised hundreds of ENT surgeries, with a focus on obstructive sleep apnea and head & neck procedures. He has contributed to academic conferences, published research, and actively participated in CME activities. Known for his professionalism and patient-centered care, he continues to advance in the field of Otolaryngology with integrity and expertise.

Abstract

Background: The impact of sleep disturbances including the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing in the last decades. It is affecting up to 2–4% of the population although many remains undiagnosed. Evaluation includes questionnaires and performing subjective/objective tests to confirm the diagnosis and to assess the severity.

Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the correlation between the severity of the daytime sleepiness by The Epworth Sleep Scale, the type and level of obstruction by Muller maneuver using the awake nasolaryngoscopy and severity of the sleep apnea by the polysomnography which is used in the assessment of patient of OSA clinic at AL Nahdha hospital.

Methods: Our study is a Cohort retrospective observational non-randomized study included 773 patients then filtered to 388 after exclusion of those who have deficient data.

Results: The analysis showed that the correlation between ESS and MM Stage was very weak positive relationship which was not statistically significant (r = 0.026, p= 0.604). while the correlation test between ESS and AHI was weak positive relationship which is statistically significant (r = 0.205, p= 0.000). And the correlation test between MM Stage and AHI was very weak positive relationship which is statistically significant (r = 0.233, p= 0.000).

Conclusion: The ESS-AHI, and the Muller’s maneuver stage-AHI correlations separately can be dependable but not for the ESS-Muller’s maneuver stage. This means that the AHI is the key standard for the diagnosis and evaluation of severity, but the ESS is a dependable tool for evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness if correlated to the AHI but not alone. The Muller’s maneuver is a tool for primary but not final evaluation for OSA.

Biography

Prof. Joby Peter is the Professor and Head of the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Annoor Dental College and Hospital. He completed his BDS from MCODS, Mangalore (MAHE University) and MDS in Pediatric Dentistry from Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. He holds a certificate in Sleep, Neurobiology, Medicine, and Society from the University of Michigan, and is a certified Buteyko Breathing Instructor through BPI, Ireland. A Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, England [FDS (RCS)], he also serves as the Global Head of the International Fellowship Program in collaboration with Manipal University College, Malaysia, and Online Dentistry.

Abstract

Objectives: Role of otolaryngologist in correction of oral breathing in collaboration with a Dentist.

Scope: As an otolaryngologist, you are the expert in treating a patient with snoring, nasal congestion, rhinitis, adenoid and tonsil enlargements and OSA. But are following the upstream and downstream medical management of a disease. The future scope and change is a multidisciplinary approach and the role of a dentist to assist your protocol.

Results: This highlights the clinical case discussion of a holistic approach called Bio functional Interceptive and Myofunctional Therapy (BIMT). As a pediatric dentist this paper showcase varieties of cases referred to us by otolaryngologist after their assessment requires a dentist to support then to get them a predictable result of AT especially for OSA.

Method used: assessment of Disturbed sleep disorder in children and adolescence with 2 scale, assess the airway including the transpalatal width, tongue disfunction, habits and perioral muscle activity and assess them before after dental intervention and calibrate the sleep quality.

Conclusion: patients who underwent dental expansion and orofacial myo therapy after AT and otolaryngology intervention showed marked improvement in speech, quality of life, academic performance, bedwetting, and psychosocial behavior.

Biography

Dr. Francesco d'Onofrio is an experienced otorhinolaryngologist in private practice since 2023 and a co-founder of the Italian Cenacle of Audio-Vestibology. He graduated with honors in Medicine in 1991 from Federico II University of Naples and specialized in ENT in 1995 with top marks. He served in key medical assistant roles at leading hospitals, including “Maria SS dello Splendore” in Giulianova (2000–2023), with a focus on ENT neurophysiology, as well as earlier positions at Dolo Hospital and “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza.” With over 25 years of clinical experience, he is highly regarded in the fields of audiology and vestibular science.

Abstract

Video sequences after head impulses in patients with Unilateral Posterior Semicircular Canal Hypofunction (UPSCH) and Superior Vestibular Neuritis (SVN) were studied in slow motion, and the direction of compensatory saccades was controlled for non-coplanar (perverted) responses.

Between 2020 and 2023, 37 outpatients presenting isolated UPSCH at the Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT) were studied: 19 of them had an upward sliding of the eyes, followed by a downward oblique compensatory saccade during the horizontal impulse of the head towards the healthy side. The correlation between these saccades and the relative functional imbalance of the Vertical Semicircular Canals (VSCs) of the affected side was studied (Figure 1)

Later (2021-2024) 37 patients suffering from SVN underwent VHIT and were checked for Perverted Compensatory Saccades (PCS) after head impulses in all the tested planes (horizontal and oblique): 29 of them (78,4%) presented PCS in one or more test conditions. (Table: Superior Vestibular Neuritis. Perverted Compensatory Saccades).

The results have been interpreted based on labyrinthine response models from the scientific literature, which take into account the diffusion of kinetic action across multiple semicircular canals simultaneously.

It is proposed that perverted saccades in the acute stage of SVN are mainly the result of the static imbalance between the labyrinths, whose expression is modulated by the action of all the semicircular canals involved in the kinetic stimulus; this dynamic interference predominantly drives eye movements in the late stages of the disease.

Perverted responses may interfere with the VHIT causing rejects and reducing the gain value (pseudo-deficit); their analysis is not currently supported by VHIT systems.

The operator deserves to know if eye movement occurs in planes other than the one tested, so that this can be taken into proper account in evaluating the results of the VHIT and investigated when they are unexpected.

Biography

Dr. Binu Abraham is an experienced orthodontist with over 26 years in private practice, currently running a modern dental clinic in Kochi, Kerala. A graduate of the College of Dental Surgery, Manipal (1995), he completed his postgraduate diploma in Orthodontics at New York University, where he also served as faculty. He has held academic roles in India and the UAE and now focuses on early-age orthodontics and clear aligners. He is the CEO of Online Dentistry, promoting dental continuing education, and an active faculty of the International Association of Orthodontics. 

Abstract

Biography

Dr. Jackie M. Davie is a Professor at Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, FL, with over 25 years of experience in clinical precepting and didactic teaching for both on-campus and UK programs. She earned her Ph.D. in Communication Disorders from The Pennsylvania State University in 2005, focusing her dissertation on assessing otitis media in daycare-attending infants and toddlers. She is a peer mentor and guest speaker on Wideband Tympanometry for Grason Stadler, Inc. Beyond academia, Dr. Davie serves as South Florida Regional Coordinator and Clinical Coordinator for Special Olympics’ Healthy Athlete, Healthy Community, and Healthy Hearing initiatives, and co-directed the Healthy Hearing program at the 2022 USA Games. 

Abstract

Background: Wideband tympanometry (WBT) has emerged as an advanced diagnostic modality for evaluating middle-ear function across the speech-critical frequency spectrum. Unlike conventional 226 Hz tympanometry, WBT measures acoustic absorbance and reflectance from 250 Hz to 8 kHz, offering heightened sensitivity to mechanical alterations in mass, stiffness, and frictional components.

Objective: This presentation examines the clinical utility of WBT for differential diagnosis, management guidance, and treatment monitoring across diverse patient populations; aimed at improving interpretation of clinical results and documentation.

Methods: A series of case studies and normative data analyses were reviewed. Absorbance patterns associated with common middle-ear pathologies—otosclerosis, ossicular discontinuity, otitis media with effusion (OME), negative middle-ear pressure, and patent pressure-equalizing tubes—were characterized. Quantitative indices of energy absorbance were correlated with additional clinical findings.

Results: WBT used clinically demonstrates superior detection of subtle impedance shifts compared with single-frequency testing, identifying early-stage otosclerosis and mild effusions that were undetected by standard tympanometry. Distinct wideband absorbance signatures reliably differentiated between mass- and stiffness-dominated disorders (sensitivity > 85%, specificity > 90%). Intra- and postoperative monitoring confirmed its value in verifying PE tube patency and assessing postoperative middle-ear mechanics. Feasibility is high in both pediatric and adult cohorts, with rapid measurement times and minimal patient discomfort.

Conclusion: WBT delivers a comprehensive, frequency-specific assessment that enhances diagnostic precision, informs surgical and medical management, and provides objective monitoring across patient ages. As an adjunct to pure-tone and otoacoustic audiometry and immittance measures, WBT represents a paradigm shift in middle-ear diagnostics, aligning with the Congress’s mission to harmonize sensory assessment through innovative otologic technologies.

Biography

Dr. Hakim Tani is a distinguished otorhinolaryngologist based at the Regional Military University Hospital of Oran, Algeria. He is a key member of an inter-hospital ENT team, collaborating with colleagues at Blida and Constantine in the fields of head and neck surgery. Dr. Tani earned his medical qualifications and residency training at Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, and has built his career on delivering advanced ENT care in military teaching hospitals across Algeria. His expertise spans a range of otologic, rhinologic, and laryngologic procedures, reflecting both clinical depth and academic engagement. Working in high-stakes environments, he contributes to teaching junior medical staff and supports regional initiatives to enhance ENT services. 

Abstract

Introduction: In Algeria, Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis (CTL) is the commonest form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and one of the leading causes of chronic cervical lymphadenopathy in young age people. Diagnostic management remain a challenge, despite the improvement of diagnostic techniques.

Objectives: The main goals of our study are to present the demographic and clinical patterns, identify the contribution of diagnostic tools and discuss the diagnostic value of surgery in the management of CTL cases.

Patients and Methods : A descriptive monocentric study was conducted at the ENT- Head and Neck Surgery department of the Regional Military University Hospital of Constantine, in a series of consecutive cases with retro-prospective recruitment, from January 2016 untel December 2020. It included all patients having CTL with or without other site of tuberculosis (TB).

Results: The present study involved 165 patients. Male/female ratio was equal (1,01:1). The mean age was 32.29±14.09. 3.03% of our patiens had a past medical history of TB and, previous history of TB exposure was found in 6.06% cases. Raw milk consumption was found in 82.45% of cases. No patient was HIV positive. Multiple lymph nodes were found in 90.61% cases. Among all patients, 85.71% presented with firm lymph nodes and 5.84% with discharging sinus. Upper and middle deep jugular nodes were the most commonly affected lymph nodes. Associated TB lesions of various other sites were evident in 22 cases (13.33%). Ultrasound evaluation showed hypoechogenicity in 69.69% cases and necrosis in 84.84% cases. 120 patients (72,72%) underwent fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), which results were affirmative of TB in 43.33% cases when they revealed granuloma with caseous necrosis. Histopathology exam was done in 113 patients (68.48%), it was affirmative of TB in all cases.The mycobacterial research involved 67 patients, Ziehl Neelsen stains were positive in only 2 cases and culture was positive in 3 cases.

Conclusion: Cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy is still a commenest pathology. It affects both sexes at a young age. A high index of suspicion is needed for accurate diagnosis whereas histopathological examination remains the main tool to establish the diagnosis. However, fine needle aspiration cytology has emerged as a simple and effective method, it is recommended to be used as the initial diagnostic test in suspected cases.

Biography

Dr. Mohamed Abdelbadie Salem is a Consultant in Otorhinolaryngology at the Specialized Medical Center (SMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, since December 2023. He also serves as an Assistant Professor at Mansoura University, Egypt, where he has held various academic roles since 2007. With over 15 years of experience, Dr. Salem has advanced through the ranks from Resident to Lecturer, and now Assistant Professor, specializing in ENT and head and neck surgery. His career reflects a strong blend of clinical expertise, academic leadership, and commitment to advancing ENT care.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of coblation in excision of glomus tympanicum tumors.

Patients and methods: A retrospective study carried out over 28 patients with types I and II glomus tympanicum tumors according to GLASSCOCK-JACKSON classification. Preoperative radiological and endocrinal evaluation were performed. All patients underwent endoscopic transcanal excision of their glomus tympanicum tumors using coblation.

Results: None of the patients developed recurrence during the 1-year follow up period proved radiologically. None of the patients developed facial palsy postoperatively. Differences between preoperative and postoperative dizziness and taste disturbance were statistically non-significant. Tinnitus disappeared completely in 22 patients postoperatively. A statistically significant reduction in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) after surgery was found. Statistically significant reductions in postoperative air conduction (AC) threshold and air bone gap (ABG) were recorded while bone conduction (BC) threshold showed statistically non-significant change.

Conclusion: Coblation is an effective and safe tool in excision of glomus tympanicum tumors. Further studies comparing coblation with laser and piezosurgery are strongly recommended.

Biography

Bianca Mari B. Dizon, born on July 6, 1996, in Paranaque City, Philippines was raised in her hometown, and received her early education at St. Scholastica's College, Manila, completing both her elementary and high school studies.  Ms. Dizon pursued a  Bachelor of Science in Biology at De La Salle University, Manila and furthered her education by earning a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center.  Ms. Dizon is an ENT Resident at Asian Hospital and Medical Center. In this role, she applies her extensive medical knowledge and skills to deliver high-quality care to her patients. 

Abstract

Sphenochoanal polyps are rare types of nasal polyps that ori ginate from the sphenoid sinus or ostium and extend towards the nasopharynx. The deep origin of the polyp contributes to the varied presentation and delayed identification of the disease. This report aims to present a case of sphenochoanal polyp in a Filipino male adult who presented with unilateral nasal congestion of 3 years duration. Diagnostics include nasal endoscopy and paranasal sinus (PNS) CT scan while the treatment of choice is polypectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery.

Biography

Miss Lili Liu is a dedicated audiology professional and researcher at the Dongzhimen Hospital, affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), China. With a solid background in both clinical practice and academic inquiry, she contributes to the hospital’s audiology and related research programs. BUCM, founded in 1956 and recognized as a Project 211 and Double First?Class university, is one of China’s premier centers for traditional and integrative medicine. 

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of intranasal acupuncture in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis (AR) and to explore its effects on functional brain network reorganization using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods: A total of 60 patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AR at the Department of Otolaryngology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, were enrolled between March 2024 and December 2024. Under nasal endoscopic guidance, bilateral acupuncture was performed at the Yingxiang (LI20) and Nasal Hill points every other day for two weeks, totaling seven sessions. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) at baseline, post-treatment, and during follow-up periods at two weeks (Follow-up 1) and four weeks (Follow-up 2). Resting-state fMRI scans were conducted on a subset of 19 patients. Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and functional connectivity analyses were employed to evaluate changes in brain activity and network connectivity before, during, and after intranasal acupuncture.Results:1.Clinical Efficacy:Significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life were observed following intranasal acupuncture, as evidenced by reductions in TNSS and VAS scores and improvements in RQLQ scores. The therapeutic effects were sustained during follow-up periods, with a high overall treatment efficacy rate.2.Brain Functional Activity:Intranasal acupuncture induced notable changes in brain activity, particularly in the occipital lobe (lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and superior occipital gyrus), anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. Additionally, significant alterations in functional connectivity were observed between the limbic system and bilateral olfactory cortex.Conclusion:Intranasal acupuncture is an effective intervention for alleviating clinical symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe AR and promotes functional reorganization in brain regions associated with olfactory and limbic processing. These findings provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of intranasal acupuncture.

Biography

Dr. Somayeh Araghi is a dedicated Otolaryngologist and Head and Neck Surgeon currently practicing at NMC Royal Hospital DIP. With over five years of clinical experience in her specialty, she brings a strong background in both surgical and non-surgical ENT care. Dr. Araghi earned her MD from Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012 and went on to complete her specialization in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Further enhancing her expertise, she obtained a certificate in Facial Plastic Surgery from the United Kingdom in 2018. Throughout her career, Dr. Araghi has been actively involved in academic research and has authored more than 20 peer-reviewed publications. 

Abstract

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, typically originating from the superficial lobe of the parotid gland and situated superficial to the facial nerve. Tumors arising deep to the nerve branches are rare and pose significant surgical challenges.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman presented with a progressively enlarging right parotid mass over one year. Imaging and biopsy confirmed pleomorphic adenoma. During superficial parotidectomy, the tumor was found deep to the facial nerve branches. Careful dissection under intraoperative neuromonitoring allowed for complete excision while preserving all nerve branches. Postoperative recovery was uneventful with full facial nerve function.

Conclusion: This case highlights a rare presentation of pleomorphic adenoma beneath the facial nerve, underscoring the need for surgical vigilance and the value of neuromonitoring for optimal outcomes.

Biography

Bianca Mari B. Dizon, born on July 6, 1996, in Paranaque City, Philippines was raised in her hometown, and received her early education at St. Scholastica's College, Manila, completing both her elementary and high school studies.  Ms. Dizon pursued a  Bachelor of Science in Biology at De La Salle University, Manila and furthered her education by earning a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center.  Ms. Dizon is an ENT Resident at Asian Hospital and Medical Center. In this role, she applies her extensive medical knowledge and skills to deliver high-quality care to her patients. 

Abstract

Thyroid neoplasms are mostly benign tumors with only a small percentage of tumors being malignant. The standard of care for thyroid tumors is conventional thyroidectomy but due to advancements in technology, minimally invasive techniques have been developed. Radiofrequency ablation can be done to specifically target a solid thyroid nodule while leaving the rest of the normal thyroid tissue intact. This decreases the incidence of complications that can arise from a conventional thyroidectomy. However, due to radiofrequency ablation being a fairly new technique, there are limited literature regarding its complications. This report presents a case of a male patient developing hoarseness intraoperatively while undergoing image guided radiofrequency ablation of a benign thyroid tumor.  

Biography

 Dr. Sophocles Tan is a skilled and dedicated medical professional specializing in Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery. He earned his MBBS degree from Singapore, showcasing his academic and clinical expertise in the field of medicine. Currently, Dr. Tan is practicing as a hospital clinician in the Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery at Changi General Hospital, one of Singapore's leading healthcare institutions.

Abstract

We present a rare case of an isolated laryngeal neurofibroma in an adult patient. Upon reviewing all available literature to date, there has only been approximately 15 isolated reports of such a case found.

This gentleman was attended by us initially as a case for emergency airway access when he crashed intra-operatively while undergoing an unrelated elective surgical procedure; life-saving slash tracheostomy was promptly performed, and he was successfully resuscitated.

Subsequently while being under our care post-operatively, the patient was incidentally found to have a laryngeal mass on nasoendoscopic examination; he then underwent definitive subtotal carbon dioxide laser excision and histological diagnosis subsequently confirmed the mass to be a neurofibroma. He was discharged from inpatient care upon ensuring that his breathing and speech were both stable post-operatively; during his last outpatient review, the gentleman was clinically assessed to have made a full recovery without any complications.

Going forward, we are striving to further embark on an extensive and comprehensive literature review of all cases of adult laryngeal neurofibromatosis, comparing these cases with existing literature of paediatric NF-1 and NF-2 patients. Thereafter, we aim to publish a set of guidelines on recommendations with regard to standardizing screenings before surgery, determining prognosis from certain clinical parameters and discussing the pros and cons of various known treatment options, including modalities like micro-debrider, laser, robotic surgery and the newly described transcervical radiofrequency ablation technique. This will help ensure efficacy and accuracy of prompt diagnosis and intervention, which in turn will lead to better patient outcome potentially.

Biography

Dr. Hakim Tani is a distinguished otorhinolaryngologist based at the Regional Military University Hospital of Oran, Algeria. He is a key member of an inter-hospital ENT team, collaborating with colleagues at Blida and Constantine in the fields of head and neck surgery. Dr. Tani earned his medical qualifications and residency training at Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, and has built his career on delivering advanced ENT care in military teaching hospitals across Algeria. His expertise spans a range of otologic, rhinologic, and laryngologic procedures, reflecting both clinical depth and academic engagement. Working in high-stakes environments, he contributes to teaching junior medical staff and supports regional initiatives to enhance ENT services. 

Abstract

Objectives: Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft (CMCC) is a very rare defect of the midline neck which is also named mentosternal dysraphia. The aim of this study is to present and describe the clinical features of this pathology to increase the awareness among surgeons about this exceptional midline anomaly and define the proper therapeutic management.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 5-year-old boy, presenting a congenital midline cervical cleft. Physical examination revealed the presence of a linear cleft measuring 3 x 0.8 cm with a vertical orientation. The proximal end consisted of a notch structure, corresponding to a vertical bead with an excrescence of cartilage consistency, the inferior end consisted of a blind sinus. In hyperextension of the head, we noted a subcutaneous band extending from the mandible to the upper edge of the sternal fork which causes limitation of the extension of the neck. Mandibular retrognathism was noted in our patient. Surgical treatment was performed, associating excision of the cleft with its underlying fibrous cord, and closure with local plasty (Z plasty). Histopathological examination showed typical pathologic findings of CMCC. Currently, two years after surgery, functional outcome is excellent with a perfect neck extension. no recurrence has developed.

Conclusion: CMCC is a very rare entity among congenital neck anomalies. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of this anomaly which extends from the mandibular symphysis to the substernal hollow. Prompt complete surgical excision is essential to get good aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Biography

Dr. Tewfik Boutiba is a specialist physician in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery with 19 years of experience in the public healthcare sector, including 18 years in university hospital centers. He has extensive expertise in middle ear surgery, cochlear implantation, endoscopic sinus surgery, laryngeal procedures, as well as thyroid and parotid gland surgeries. With over 13 years of experience in academic teaching within university hospital settings, Dr. Boutiba is also a seasoned presenter, having regularly contributed as a speaker at both national and international medical conferences.

Abstract

Otosclerosis surgery is one of the most standardized procedures in ear surgery. It is a highly functional surgery aimed at restoring hearing. The chorda tympani nerve is often located within the surgical field, making it susceptible to multiple manipulations that may lead to various postoperative complications, particularly taste disturbances.

Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine the frequency of taste disturbances secondary to chorda tympani nerve manipulation during otosclerosis surgery.

Methods: We conducted an exhaustive, monocentric, prospective observational cohort study from 2022 to 2024, performing 345 chemical gustometry tests using taste strips on 69 patients who underwent otosclerosis surgery.

Results: The overall frequency of postoperative taste disturbances was 73.9%, as assessed by chemical gustometry using taste strips. Chorda tympani nerve stretching was the most common lesion, occurring in 52.2% of cases (36 out of 69 patients). The creation of the Rosen notch during otosclerosis surgery was associated with postoperative taste disturbances in 83.6% of cases (51 out of 61, p = 0.00). The recovery rate of taste function after chorda tympani nerve manipulation was 78.4% (40 out of 51 patients). The recovery rate after nerve stretching was 72.7% at 6 months (23 out of 33 patients), whereas it reached 92.9% when the chorda tympani nerve was not manipulated (13 out of 14 cases).

Conclusion: Taste disturbances secondary to chorda tympani nerve manipulation during otosclerosis surgery are highly underestimated. Chemical gustometry using taste strips is a simple yet reliable test for detecting these iatrogenic taste disorders.

Biography

Dr Aamir Malick Saifi is currently working as a consultant Head and Neck Cancer & Reconstructive Surgeon at Rohilkhand Cancer Institute, Bareilly and as an Assistant Professor at Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly. He has vast experience in the field of Cancer and Reconstructive surgeries from various prestigious institutions in the country such as Victoria Hospital, Bangalore; Kidwai Cancer Institute, Bangalore; Shanku's Medicity Hospital, Ahmedabad. He specialises in all kinds of Head and Neck Cancer Surgeries including oral cancer, salivary gland pathologies, paranasal sinus pathologies, anterior and lateral skull base surgeries and various reconstructive surgeries including advanced microvascular reconstructive surgeries.

Abstract

Backgrounds: Sentinel node identification for cN0 oral/oropharyngeal cancer has been suggested as a standard approach using radioactive tracer-based screening. The goal of this study was to compare sentinel node biopsy based on indocyanine green(ICG) dye employing near-infrared imaging technique and histopathology in cN0 oral squamous cell cancer.

Methods: In this study, 40 cases of cT1-2N0M0 oropharyngeal cancer that had not previously received treatment were included. Before making a skin incision, one millilitre of ICG (5 mg/ml) was successively injected in a four-quadrant manner around the primary tumour. With a near infrared Fluorescence device,  images were taken after elevating the sub-platysmal flap, paying close attention to the lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph nodes were classified as lymph nodes with fluorescent hot spots, and these nodes were excised, sent for frozen sectioning, and compared with post-operative histology.

Results: All 40 of the attempted harvests of sentinel nodes were successful. There were anything from 3 to 9, on average, five sentinel nodes (SNs) each case. In twelve patients (30%), routine pathology showed that occult metastases. Indicocyanine green dye has a 57.4% sensitivity and a 100% specificity, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100% & negative predictive value was 81.2%. The accuracy of the indocyanine green dye was 85%.

Conclusions: Near-infrared imaging using indocyanine green mapping is a reliable, consistent and safe method for SNs identification and for SN biopsy in cN0 oral/oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Biography

Dr Mohammad Sabir is a Senior Clinical Audiologist at SEHA Sh. Tahnoon Bin Mohammed Medical City (STMC) in the UAE, specializing in audio-vestibular healthcare. He is also the Co-Founder and Vice President of the Emirates Audiology Society (EAS), where he actively contributes to the growth and development of the audiology field in the region. Currently an Au.D. candidate, Mohammad Sabir is committed to advancing his expertise and providing top-notch care to patients with hearing and balance disorders.

Abstract

Genetic defects are one of the most important etiologies of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and play an important role in determining cochlear implantation outcomes. While the pathogenic mutation types of a number of deafness genes have been cloned, the pathogenesis mechanisms and their relationship to the outcomes of cochlear implantation remain a hot research area. The auditory performance is considered to be affected by the etiology of hearing loss and the number of surviving spiral ganglion cells, as well as others. Current research advances in cochlear implantation for hereditary deafness, especially the relationship among clinic-types, genotypes and outcomes of cochlear implantation, will be discussed in this review.

Biography

Dr. Harpreet Singh Khullar is a Junior Resident in the Department of ENT at AIMSR, Bathinda. Originally from Gurdaspur, Punjab, he has built a strong foundation in both clinical practice and academic research. His current thesis focuses on the clinical profile of patients with maxillofacial injuries in the Malwa region, highlighting his interest in trauma care. He is actively involved in managing ENT-related emergencies and advancing his expertise through hands-on experience. Known for his dedication and professionalism, Dr. Khullar is committed to improving patient outcomes and contributing to the field of otolaryngology.

Abstract

Trauma and Pathophysiology: Maxillofacial trauma is on the rise, often caused by road accidents, violence, falls, or sports. These injuries demand urgent care due to the region’s complex anatomy and proximity to vital structures like the brain. Timely diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing serious complications and ensuring quality of life.

Etiology: Around 60% of severe facial trauma cases involve multisystem injuries. Brain injuries occur in 20–50%, cervical spine injuries in 1–4%, and blindness in 0.5–3%. Airway compromise is a major risk, requiring immediate attention.

Emergency Management – Airway Control: Secure the airway early. Prefer fiberoptic intubation; if unavailable, consider transtracheal or retrograde methods. Be ready for cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy in severe cases.

Emergency Management – Intubation Considerations: Avoid nasotracheal intubation due to bleeding and risk of skull base injury. Skip Rapid Sequence Intubation when possible—opt for awake intubation with benzodiazepine sedation.

Emergency Management – Hemorrhage Control: Use direct pressure for facial and nasal bleeding. Pack anteriorly and posteriorly for nosebleeds. For pharyngeal bleeding, pack around the endotracheal tube carefully to control bleeding and protect the airway.

Biography

Samer Younes has a strong foundation in clinical pharmacology and a proven record of delivering impactful community health education programs. With a solid combination of clinical and technical expertise, He earned a Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Syria, in January 2024. Currently, He is actively seeking fully funded scholarships to pursue a Master's degree and further contribute to the field of pharmaceutical sciences and public health. have systematic professional with 2 years of experience in pharmaceutical services

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that anosmia, or the loss of smell, may serve as an early indicator of infection with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is likely that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributes to olfactory dysfunction. Prior studies have established a notable correlation between the intake of certain micronutrients and a reduction in both coronavirus infection severity and olfactory deficits.

Specifically, deficiencies in vitamin B3 have been linked to abnormal olfactory perception. Similarly, inadequate levels of vitamin B6 may negatively affect zinc concentration, which is essential for maintaining normal smell function. Furthermore, vitamin C has been identified as a factor that reduces inflammatory cytokines, potentially mitigating some of the olfactory impairments associated with viral infections.

Research indicates that vitamins A and D3 can enhance olfactory function. Vitamin D3, in particular, has neuroprotective properties that may aid in the restoration of the sense of smell. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), found in the olfactory epithelium of individuals regaining their sense of smell after COVID-19, suggest that vitamins C and E could provide additional support in the recovery process.

The subsequent analysis in this review explores the relationship between certain nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, C, and B, zinc, and alpha-lipoic acid, and the pathways involved in the sense of smell, including potential regulatory effects.

Biography

Reham Farouk Zittoon is a Head of otolaryngology department in Port Said University Assistant Prof of otolaryngology From Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is known as a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, mediated by IgE mainly after the body has contact with an allergen and it has clinical symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and itching .(Kakli and Riley, 2016). Ordinary therapies for AR include avoidance or minimization of contacting allergens, medication, specific immunotherapy and surgery (Small et al., 2018). Previous studies have evidence for the good efficacy of non-surgical conventional therapies in most of the AR cases (Wallace and Dykewicz, 2017).  Therefore, targeted therapies to the region of post. nasal nerve may offer relief of chronic rhinitis symptoms with limited side effects are desired. Due to the simple, office-based nature, cryotherapy has gained interest. Cryotherapy utilizes liquid nitrogen to ablate posterior nasal tissue through extremely low temperature (Erinjeri and Clark, 2010). Using bipolar electro-cauterization to cauterize the posterior region of the middle meatus like cryotherapy may offer another simple, office based treatment for refractory allergic rhinitis.

Conclusion: office-based electrocauterization of posterior nasal nerve is considered a safe and effective method in treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis. Further studies should be done to compare the results of office based electrocauterization of PNN with other techniques like PNN cryoablation, laser ablation and neurectomy. Future randomized controlled trials should be done to evaluate long term nasal symptoms improvement with a larger sample size. Further studies should be done to evaluate the efficacy of PNN electrocauterization in chronic rhinitis patients. Comparative studies between PNN electrocauterization and medical treatment in treatment of allergic rhinitis should be done.

Biography

Abstract

As it is well known that the most significant, interested and target area for surgeons during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the middle meatus. The most highlighted problem that may facing the surgeon who are approaching the endoscopic middle meatal surgery is the inability to get a sufficient surgical access into the middle meatus. This is most probably due to oversized middle turbinate or floppiness of middle turbinate that resulting in the obscuring of the field and frequent fogging of the lens due to recurrent touching of coming in route middle turbinate. Therefore, it become necessary to resolve this problem, which I am sure that interrupt the interest of most of the surgeons. For this reason, this tool was proposed and designed to retract the middle turbinate medially at its different three part (M1, M2, and M3) with accommodated heights and self-retained controlled with wide range adjustor to provide a sufficient access to this very important area.

Biography

Dr. Krishna Kumar R is a Professor of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Annoor Dental College, Kerala, with over 15 years of clinical and academic experience. He holds an MDS, PhD, and FDSRCS (England), and is a fellow in Myofunctional Therapy and Laser Dentistry. An invited speaker at international forums, he has received the Famdent Pedodontist of the Year (2024) and Educator of the Year (2025) awards. He is widely published and known for his work in pediatric endodontics, sedation, and oral health in medically compromised children. His topic of interest is Laser Dentistry, Airway Based Dentistry, Myofunctional exercises and Pediatric Rotary Endodontics. 

Abstract

The tongue, often overlooked, plays a critical role in the development of both craniofacial structure and upper airway function. This presentation explores the dual impact of tongue posture, tone, and function in the etiology of malocclusion and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Improper tongue posture during rest and swallowing can lead to dentoalveolar discrepancies, contributing to malocclusions such as open bite, crossbite, and narrow arches. Simultaneously, a low or posteriorly positioned tongue during sleep can obstruct the airway, playing a significant role in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea. Emerging evidence highlights the interconnection between orofacial myofunctional disorders, oral habits, and altered craniofacial growth patterns, establishing the tongue as a central player in both orthodontic and sleep-related concerns. This talk aims to unravel the “tongue’s tale” by bridging dental and sleep medicine perspectives, advocating for early identification, multidisciplinary intervention, and the role of myofunctional therapy in achieving holistic outcomes.

Biography

Cheryl L. Nolte, based in Lake City, Florida, is the founder and owner of Hearing Challenge Coach, LLC, established in 2021. With an Associate Science Degree from Indian River Community College and a background in real estate title work spanning 34 years, Cheryl transitioned into hearing support after experiencing tinnitus-related disability from 2006 to 2012. Since 2014, she has been dedicated to teaching lipreading, initially as a volunteer and later professionally. Her teaching approach, known as the “Sher Way,” has supported students ranging in age from 22 to 97. Cheryl is also the author of Treasure Coast Hearing Guide and has held several volunteer roles, including Chapter President of the Hearing Loss Association of America and instructor for the American Red Cross and Civil Air Patrol.

Abstract

Losing my hearing gradually starting with German measles as a child, has fueled a lifelong passion: to protect hearing and advocate for others. For over a decade, I have served as an adult advisor, consultant, and advocate, researching and presenting solutions for hearing loss prevention.

Hearing is critical—not only for communication but for safety and well-being. While safety appears on the second tier of “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,” hearing loss impacts all levels: physiological, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

The World Report on Hearing 2021 by the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts a dramatic rise in hearing loss—more than 1.5 times over the next 30 years, affecting an additional 1 billion people. Importantly, WHO states that over 60% of hearing loss is preventable in children and young adults, and significantly preventable in adults.

The urgency is clear: Unaddressed hearing loss costs the global economy approximately $1 trillion USD annually. Beyond economics, the social and emotional toll is incalculable.

Prevention starts with limiting noise exposure, a leading cause of hearing damage at all ages. My presentation will outline key statistics and strategies to reduce noise risk. Another critical but often overlooked factor is ototoxicity—the harmful effects of certain medications and chemical solvents on hearing. Many are unaware of how common drugs, pesticides, and industrial chemicals can impact auditory health.

Conclusion: Even partial hearing loss can create safety risks and social isolation, underscoring the need for global action. We must act now. Prevention is essential to preserving quality of life. It begins with awareness—and that’s the goal of today’s presentation: to educate and empower. Let’s work together to Save Tomorrow’s Hearing Today.

Biography

Dr Elizabeth Leigh is an Audiologist with over 25 years of experience as a clinician, researcher, and educator. She established Central Auditory Clinics at two VA hospitals to diagnose and treat patients with hearing issues despite normal audiologic assessments. Elizabeth was among the first to explore hearing problems beyond pure-tone threshold tests, particularly in Veterans. Her research focuses on the effects of aging and minimal hearing loss on auditory temporal coding and speech understanding in noise. She has published and presented extensively on how abnormal binaural processing impacts speech perception in noise. 

Abstract

Auditory Processing Disorders (APDs) have been a challenge for audiologists for decades. Audiologists need evidence-based testing and treatment options specific to adults because their needs are different from children. Best clinical practice for APD in adults is based in functional assessment and functional rehabilitation, the specifics of each are presented.

The assessment, identification, and treatment of auditory processing disorders (APDs) began with a medical model based on site of lesion in adults which eventually led to a communication model based on developmental and educational abilities in children. Audiologists today, however, need a functional model based on whether, or not, their patient has an auditory component to their communication problems. Further, over the past several years, much of the clinical research has provided models of APD based on broader auditory-cognitive communication components that address functional abilities that form the basis of the work presented here.

Adult APD services must be widely available in audiology clinics because there is no other profession with the expertise to evaluate and treat auditory processing problems. Failure to serve adults with APD results in reduced employment opportunities, increases communication failures with others (i.e., family members), and social isolation, especially as a result of a head injury. Treatment and recommendations are based on functional difficulties and tailored to support the educational, employment, and interpersonal communication needs of the individual. 

Biography

Abstract

Back ground and objectives:

septoplasty is considered as one of commonest surgical procedures in rhinology. It can be categorized as one of commonest surgeries at our daily operative schedule. Therefore, there will be continuous research concerns to improve this procedure from different aspects including the indications, preoperative preparation, the surgical techniques and postoperative care. Although, there are no major significant debates and controversies regarding the performance of this procedure among adult age groups. On the other hand, the most of the disputes as well as altercations about the conduction of this surgery at childhoods. Thus, there were a lot of researches and clinical trials that tried to postulate for further clarifications related to this important issue. In same context, we tried via this clinical trial to show and present our long-term experience with big sized patients' sample how this international rhinology accompanied challenge and dilemma can be resolved with reputable guidelines starting from most basic concepts and up graded to most advanced ones. 

Our aim is to reach to the cancellation of all old fashion concepts and come out to gather with new trends to help many children in the community, who are suffering either due to absolute nasal obstruction itself, or the sequences of this obstruction, which is proved due to severe deviated nasal septum.

Biography

Cheryl L. Nolte, based in Lake City, Florida, is the founder and owner of Hearing Challenge Coach, LLC, established in 2021. With an Associate Science Degree from Indian River Community College and a background in real estate title work spanning 34 years, Cheryl transitioned into hearing support after experiencing tinnitus-related disability from 2006 to 2012. Since 2014, she has been dedicated to teaching lipreading, initially as a volunteer and later professionally. Her teaching approach, known as the “Sher Way,” has supported students ranging in age from 22 to 97. Cheryl is also the author of Treasure Coast Hearing Guide and has held several volunteer roles, including Chapter President of the Hearing Loss Association of America and instructor for the American Red Cross and Civil Air Patrol.

Abstract

Lipreading clues power us into far more than words alone—they unlock deeper understanding. Often invisible and undervalued, lipreading is a powerful tool on the roadmap to clearer communication—not only for those with hearing loss, but also for people experiencing tinnitus, hyperacusis (as I have), and other cognition-related challenges.

Objective:
To raise awareness of lipreading as a vital, underrecognized communication skill that supports individuals with diverse sensory and cognitive needs.

Scope & Methods:
With over 60 years as a lipreader and more than a decade as an advisor, advocate, and instructor, I use a roadmap analogy and an easier-to-learn “Sherlock Method” to show how lipreading bridges gaps, empowers communication, and restores confidence.

Value and Impact:
Lipreading requires no batteries or devices. It improves comprehension, reduces repetition, and strengthens clarity—even for hearing aid users. It also engages the brain, easing cognitive load and potentially reducing risks linked to dementia, falls, and other medical concerns. I will also show how learning lipreading can be attainable and life-changing. Student end-class responses indicate 98% learned more than expected. Real value.

As Bernstein et al. (2022) note, there is a growing need to reinvigorate interest in lipreading as a meaningful communication strategy, especially given its broader applications beyond hearing loss.

Conclusion:
Lipreading is a lifelong, low-cost skill with high return. It deserves greater visibility and inclusion—for the hearing challenged and for all who rely on strong communication. Lipreading is the key to navigating today’s communication’s roadmap challenges—unlocking meaning, reducing confusion, and restoring confidence in the communication journey.

Biography

Raha Zamani is a final-year medical student at Tehran University of Medical Sciences and an active researcher at the university’s Otorhinolaryngology Research Center. Her academic and clinical interests lie primarily in head and neck pathologies, with a strong focus on radiation oncology and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Through her research, she aims to contribute to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches within the field of otolaryngology.

Abstract

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and combined adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) are primary causes of childhood sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and are strongly correlated with atopic diseases affecting the respiratory mucosa. Allergen sensitization, class-switching of B cells and IgE production in the adenotonsillar tissue, namely local atopy, is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. The adenotonsillar tissue is also known to be responsible for a considerable part of circulating specific IgE, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of atopy in other organs. Atopic children experience fewer benefits from adenotonsillectomy compared to their non-atopic counterparts, but this surgical intervention remains effective in relieving both obstructive and allergic symptoms in children with concomitant ATH and AR or asthma. Adjunctive treatments such as allergen immunotherapy are shown to reduce the risk of recurrence in atopic children undergoing adenotonsillar surgery. This review focuses on the evidence linking local adenotonsillar IgE sensitization and the atopic march and its implications in the treatment and outcomes of both conditions.

Biography

Dr. Arefeh Hedayati is a board-certified Otolaryngologist and Head & Neck Surgeon, currently serving as the Head of the Department of Otolaryngology at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) in Iran. She earned her MD from Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd and completed her residency in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at KUMS. Her primary research interests include facial plastic surgery, and she has presented on topics such as nasal and paranasal sinus imaging.

Abstract

Ø  Arterial blood supply of the right lateral nasal wall

Ø  Radiologic anatomy on coronal CT slices

Ø  Radiologic anatomy on sagittal CT slices

Ø  Radiologic anatomy on axial CT slices

Ø  Normal variations of sinonasal anatomy

Supraorbital ethmoid cell: Supraorbital ethmoid cell is the ethmoid cell that extends superolaterally between the middle orbit wall and the ethmoid roof.
Supraorbital ethmoid cells may simulate multiple frontal sinuses, type III frontal cells, suprabullar cells, frontal bulla cells or interfrontal sinus septal cells on coronal CT images. During endoscopic sinus surgery, these cells may be mistaken for the frontal sinus and need to be differentiated by their more lateral and posterior location as compared to the frontal sinus.

Ø  Inferior turbinate position ipsilateral to septal deviation

Ø  Concha bullosa: endoscopic view

Ø  Chronic sinusitis

Biography

Dr. Mohammad Taha Mahdi Araghi is a board-certified Otolaryngologist and Head & Neck Surgeon, serving as Assistant Professor and Educational Deputy in the Department of Otolaryngology at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran. He earned his MD from KUMS and completed his residency in Otolaryngology at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. His research primarily focuses on endoscopic surgery of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and he has presented on topics including nasal and paranasal sinus tumors.

Abstract

Fibrous dysplasia: Expansion of the anterior and lateral walls of the right maxillary sinus with a “groundglass” internal matrix. note involvement of the right pterygoid process.

Ø  Benign Tumors and Tumor Like Lesions

Ø  Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia

Ø  Sinonasal Osteoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB): is best identified radiologically by a dumbbell-shaped mass, with its upper portion located in the anterior cranial fossa and the lower portion in the upper nasal cavity, creating a "waist" at the level of the cribriform plate. A highly suggestive feature for diagnosing ENB is the presence of peripheral tumor cysts at the tumor-brain margin intracranially. The typical location of ENB is in the superior nasal cavity at the cribriform plate. Smaller tumors generally appear as a unilateral nasal mass centered on the superior nasal wall, with local spread into the nose and sinuses. In contrast, larger ENBs may present as a tumor in the anterior cranial fossa, showing infiltration into brain parenchyma and dura, with possible extension into the orbits. Additionally, cervical nodal metastases can be present at initial diagnosis or develop later, particularly affecting the upper cervical nodes (levels I–III) and the retropharyngeal space.

Biography

Zohreh Zameni is a Ph.D. student at Iran University of Medical Sciences with a focused interest in hearing aids, tinnitus, and auditory electrophysiology. Her doctoral research involves comprehensive evaluations of tinnitus and EEG recordings in patients with tinnitus, contributing to a deeper understanding of auditory system disorders. In addition to her academic work, Zohreh translated the renowned textbook The Auditory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Correlates by Jane A. Baran and Frank E. Musiek into Persian, making this key resource accessible to a broader audience. She has also actively participated in academic conferences, presenting multiple poster sessions on her research.

Abstract

Introduction: Sound localization is important for comprehending the surrounding world and interacting with the environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that the physical movements enhance sound localization compared to passive methods like just naming the sound's position. Virtual Reality (VR), as a technology in learning and rehabilitation, particularly in the realm of spatial hearing, has gathered considerable attention from researchers.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the virtual reality-based sound localization rehabilitation 

Methods: The current study was conducted by searching the PubMed database. The reviewed articles were restricted to English language publications from 2018 onwards.

Findings: Recently, VR technology, by fostering active interactions between the user and sound sources through unconstrained hand and head movements, has contributed to improving sound localization performance. VR systems can provide users with experiences, allowing for the simulation and control of diverse auditory conditions. For instance, users can be immersed in virtual urban environments, forests, or enclosed spaces to test their auditory skills under varied circumstances. This diversity in auditory environments assists users in enhancing their ability to finding the direction and distance of sound sources in real-world scenarios. VR-based training programs significantly augment the accuracy and speed of identifying the location of sound sources.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that VR emerges as a novel rehabilitation for sound localization disorders. This technology can contribute to the improvement of spatial hearing performance and facilitate the  learning process. However, despite its numerous advantages, the application of VR is also accompanied by challenges. These challenges include the high cost of VR equipment and potential side effects such as nausea and dizziness reported by some users.

Biography

Farnaz Rahnama is an accomplished audiologist with a solid academic foundation in the field of hearing sciences. She earned her Bachelor's degree in Audiology from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, one of Iran’s leading medical institutions. Building on this foundation, she pursued and completed her Master’s degree in Audiology at Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), where she deepened her clinical and research expertise in auditory health and rehabilitation. Throughout her academic journey, Farnaz has demonstrated a strong commitment to advancing audiological care and continues to contribute to the field through both clinical practice and professional engagement.

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition delineated by impairments in social communication, restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and atypical sensory processing. Among these sensory challenges, Central Auditory Processing Disorders are commonly observed in ASD individuals. Comprehending these auditory divergences in autism is paramount, as they can profoundly influence communication and overall daily functioning.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to investigate the auditory differences in autism.

Method: The current review is the result of a search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases limited to the years 2019–2024 with the keywords "autism" and "auditory processing".

Findings: Accumulated empirical evidence indicates significant auditory processing atypicalities in ASD individuals. Autistic individuals exhibit difficulty in disengaging attention from extraneous sounds and may demonstrate hyper-responsivity to auditory stimuli. This often culminates in sensory overwhelm within noisy, multi-source environments. While early neural detection of highly salient stimuli may remain intact in some individuals, higher-order processing appears to be dysregulated, suggesting deficits in selective attention and self-other discrimination. Additionally, reduced auditory cognition, particularly concerning auditory memory, has been observed. Sensory reactivity demonstrates a correlation with anxiety and sleep disturbances, with auditory filtering deficits identified as a contributing factor to sleep difficulties.

Conclusion: Auditory processing atypicalities represent a pervasive and critical facet of ASD, impacting both social and non-social behavioral domains. These difficulties arise from impairments in the perceptual organization, filtering, and higher-order cognitive processing of auditory information, potentially attributable to underlying neurological differences in brain regions essential for sensory integration and memory.